March is National MS Education and Awareness Month.
Multiple Sclerosis or MS affects the central nervous system and disrupts the normal flow of neurological impulses between the brain and the body.
With MS, the body’s immune system begins to attack the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. It targets myelin, a substance that surrounds the nerves. When myelin is damaged, it forms scar tissue and the damaged nerves don’t transmit signals clearly from the brain to the rest of the body, resulting in a variety of symptoms.
Common symptoms include weakness in the arms or legs, loss of balance and problems with mobility and bladder function. While the condition itself cannot be cured, treatment is aimed at slowing down the progression of the disease and helping patients recover to a point where they are independent at home. Physical therapy plays an important role in the rehabilitation process and improves quality of life for patients with MS.
The purpose of physical therapy is to ensure that the patient maintains a degree of functionality and is able to perform daily activities without too much difficulty.
The various stages of Multiple Sclerosis
Physical therapy is an important part of the treatment process during the different stages of MS. During the initial evaluation, the therapist will determine if there are any limitations with skin sensation, muscle strength and overall function.
Physical therapy can help:
- Strengthen muscles
- Exercise to maintain flexibility, balance and coordination
- Alleviate stiffness and spasms
- Speed recovery after an attack
- Address neurological symptoms
- Improve comfort levels
- Lessen fatigue
As the disease progresses, acute attacks are likely to occur and the patient may need to be hospitalized. In such cases, a physical therapist will work closely with physicians and other specialists in the healthcare team to complement their efforts and to ensure quick recovery for the patient.
MS can also present as a slow, progressive condition that relapses a number of times and seems to ‘go away’. Don’t be fooled, because it can cause severe limitations over time.
In some situations, the side-effects are minimal and daily life is not impaired. Each person’s progression is different. Your physical therapist will always assess the most important functional problems affecting you and will address those needs in a comprehensive, customized treatment program.
This is how we can Help
Supervised, controlled exercise is the foundation of physical therapy treatment. As patients tend to fatigue quickly, exercise plans are designed to be simple and gradual. Exercise programs are also designed to be intermittent to prevent sudden ‘attacks’ of pain and discomfort. Here are some of the benefits of physical therapy in MS.
- Correction of posture and improved trunk control – Patients with MS are at risk of falling, so physical therapy is aimed at controlling posture and balance to minimize the risk of falls.
- Increasing functional independence with walking aids – To improve independence and movement, a physical therapist may prescribe aids including walkers, canes, and custom made foot orthoses (supports). Conditions such as foot drop and loss of sensation in the lower extremities may warrant the use of additional orthoses.
- Enhancing mobility – Mobility is an important prerequisite to a patient’s independence. Joint and muscle stiffness (especially in the legs) can be corrected with stretching exercises. Stiffness in the neck muscles can affect neck and head posture and control, which can also be corrected with supports and exercise.
- Restoration of muscle tone – Increased tone (hypertonia) or decreased muscle tone (hypotonia) is a result of the impact of MS on the nerves. A physical therapist may use manual techniques to improve joint sensation and restore normal muscle tone.
Physical therapists play an important role in the management of patients with MS and several other conditions affecting the nerves, muscles, bones, and joints. So, if you or someone you know needs help, give us a call. We are here to help you live an independent and pain-free lifestyle.
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